Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 60 m (Ref. 3702), usually ? - 25 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 11°N - 40°S
Western Atlantic: Venezuela to northern Argentina.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 23.7, range 18 - 46 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 54990); common length : 35.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3702); peso máx. publicado: 109.60 g (Ref. 118626)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais (total) : 29; Espinhos anais: 2; Raios anais : 8 - 9.
Found over mud or sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Juveniles abundant in estuaries and tidal mud flats. Feeds on shrimps and fishes (Ref. 9626). Important food fish.
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 27.8, mean 20.7 °C (based on 238 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00656 - 0.00764), b=3.05 (3.03 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.44; tm=3; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.72, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80 [44, 160] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.56, 1.87] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.8, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.375 [0.187, 0.777] g/100g; Selenium = 21.7 [11.4, 43.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.9 [7.2, 70.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.774 [0.547, 1.132] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.