ইলাসমোব্রাঙ্কি (হাঙ্গর এবং রে) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 12 - 900 m (Ref. 106604), usually 20 - 250 m (Ref. 11284). Subtropical; 63°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Kattegat (Ref. 3167) and North Sea, around Great Britain, Ireland and the Mediterranean to Morocco and Senegal.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 57.5, range 45 - 71.8 cm
Max length : 81.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 106604); 68.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 3261)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 0; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 0. Snout short; upper surface entirely spinulose, but centre of pectoral fins more or less bare in adults, underside smooth except for prickly front edges; generally 9-13 thorns in a complete row around inner margin of eye, and a large triangle of thorns on nape or shoulder region; two parallel rows of strong thorns on each side of midline along tail; upper surface ochre to light greyish-brown with a large roundish black eye-spot in middle of each pectoral fin, underside white (Ref. 3167)
Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Maximum sizes of up to 106 cm, that are occasionally reported for specimens from the North Sea are probably erroneous (Ref. 131089). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.0-7.0 cm long and 3.1-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Around 70-150 eggs are laid per individual annually (Ref. 41250).
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; মৎস্যাধার / এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম : পাবলিক এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
Download XML
ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.2 - 16.7, mean 10.5 °C (based on 1278 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00245 (0.00210 - 0.00287), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (K=0.11-0.16; tm=8-9; tmax=28; Fec<100).
Prior r = 0.41, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.61, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14 [2, 254] mg/100g; Iron = 0.805 [0.076, 9.895] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.4, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.488 [0.206, 1.165] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [5.5, 148.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.99 [0.73, 103.53] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.415 [0.024, 4.858] mg/100g (wet weight);
