分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 溫帶; 60°N - 40°N
Europe: central and eastern Europe and northern Asia Minor (Ref. 57778). Basins of North, southern Baltic, Black, western and southern Caspian and Aegean Seas (from Maritza to Struma drainages); Mediterranean basin, only in northern Rhône (France) and Drin drainages (Alabania, Montenegro, Macedonia). Abundant and expanding in most of its range, but locally threatened by water pollution, weed clearing, and stocking of predatory fish (Ref. 59043).
歐洲: 法國的羅恩河流域到俄國的尼和河; 南至黑海。 (參考文獻 557) 北方的流域, 南方的波羅海﹐黑色的﹐和西部與南部的里海與愛琴海;(從 Maritza 到 Struma 流域) 地中海的流域, 只在 nothern 羅恩河 (法國) 與 Drin 流域 (Alabania ，蒙特內哥羅馬其頓) 中。 (參考文獻 59043)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 4.4, range 3 - 6 cm
Max length : 11.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 88166); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 9696)
背棘 (總數) : 3; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8 - 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10; 脊椎骨: 34 - 36. Caudal fin with 19 to 20 soft rays. Differs from Rhodeus meridionalis by having sub-inferior mouth (vs. terminal), rostral cap covering all or at least more than half of upper lip (vs. only upper part of upper lip) (Ref. 59043).
尾鰭有 19個到 20 軟鰭條。
Occurs most abundantly in still or slow-flowing water with dense aquatic vegetation and sand-silt bottom as lowland ponds, canals, slow-flowing rivers, backwaters and oxbows, where mussels are present (Ref. 59043). Found among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves (Unio). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Formerly used for pregnancy tests: females injected with urine from pregnant women protruded their ovipositors (Ref. 6258). Live span is exceptionally up to 5 years but most individuals do not survive the year of their first reproduction and population sizes fluctuate greatly over the years (Ref. 59043).
在植物之中在沙子與泥底部之上在淺水區中。 對於它在二枚貝 ( Unio) 的洞中產卵的習慣是顯著的. 主要吃植物與較少吃蠕蟲，甲殼動物與昆蟲幼生。 從前用來.懷孕測試: 雌性以懷孕女人的尿液注射伸出他們的產卵管。 (參考文獻 6258) 大多數的個體不非常平安渡過他們的第一個繁殖與族群大小的每年在每年之上變動.(參考文獻 59043)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns in clear, slow-running or still water, often with a muddy bottom. The presence of nearby freshwater mussels is of vital importance. Female deposits eggs within the valves of the mussel. Male sheds sperm into the inhalent current of the respiring mussel and thereby, fertilizes the eggs. Fry remain in the mussel until protection is not anymore required.歐洲: 法國的羅恩河流域到俄國的尼和河; 南至黑海。 (參考文獻 557) 北方的流域, 南方的波羅海﹐黑色的﹐和西部與南部的里海與愛琴海;(從 Maritza 到 Struma 流域) 地中海的流域, 只在 nothern 羅恩河 (法國) 與 Drin 流域 (Alabania ，蒙特內哥羅馬其頓) 中。 (參考文獻 59043)
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00794 - 0.01381), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec=40).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
