分類 / Names
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Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfishes) >
Neoceratodontidae (Australian lungfish)
Etymology: Neoceratodus: Greek, neos = new + Greek, keras = horn + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: William Forster (1818–1882) was an Australian farmer, journalist, magistrate, poet and politician (1856–1876) who was Premier of New South Wales (1859–1860) once described by a fellow politician as: “disagreeable in opposition, insufferable as a [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
; 新鮮な水 底生の; potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 24°S - 26°S
Oceania: southern Queensland, Australia in Burnett and Mary River systems. Introduced successfully in southeastern Queensland.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 83.4, range 81 - ? cm
Max length : 170 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 26188); common length : 100.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5259); 最大公表体重: 40.0 kg (Ref. 5259)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 0. Body stout and elongate. Dorsal fin originating on the middle of the back, confluent with caudal and anal fins. Body covered with large, bony, overlapping scales. The head is flattened, with conical profile. The eyes are small; the mouth is reaching about half the distance to eye. The pectoral fins are large and flipper-like in ventral position just behind the head; the pelvic fins are also flipper-like, situated far back on the body.
Inhabits mud, sand or gravel bottoms (Ref. 44894). Sluggish species that prefers still or slow-flowing waters, usually in deep pools. During period of drought, it can tolerate stagnant conditions by breathing air, surfacing 1-2 times per hour; however, it lacks the ability to survive dry spells by aestivation; it is a facultative air-breather that will die if forced to depend on air breathing (Ref. 36739, 44894). The sound of the lungfish exhaling air at the surface prior to inhaling a fresh breath has been likened to that made by a small bellows. Nocturnally active (Ref. 44894). Feeds on frogs, tadpoles, fishes, shrimp, earthworms, snails, aquatic plants and native fruits fallen from trees overhanging the creeks (Ref. 36739, 44894). It browses among the detritus, using its electroreceptors to pick up hidden mollusks, worms or crustaceans. Protected by law. Fossil records show that this species remained virtually unchanged for over 380 million years. The Steinhart Aquarium in San Francisco had a specimen of 1 m length, 20 kg weight, and more than 65 years of age. In 1933, an Australian lungfish was transported as a fully mature male (10 yrs. old at maturity) to the Shedd Aquarium, Chicago (C. Skonieczny, pers. comm. 11/08, e-mail: CSkonieczny@sheddaquarium.org). But this fish named Granddad, died in 2017 at the age of 95 (Ref 125841). By default, another individual which was brought to the California Academy of Sciences Aquarium in 1938 from Australia becomes the oldest at the age of 90 years. Biologists at the aquarium believe that Methuselah, as it is fondly called, is a female which measures 120 m and weighs 18,100 g (Ref. 125841).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
The lungfish spawns from August to October; the eggs resemble small transparent grapes and are frequently found attached to floating stands of water-hyacinth. Spawning appears to occur in a series of three phases: in the first, a pair of fish move together, roaming about an area, presumably in search of a suitable spawning site; in the second presumably the male follows the female, nudging her flanks; finally, the fish plunge through the surrounding weed, the male following the female and fertilising the eggs as they are shed.
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
絶滅危惧 (EN) (B2ab(ii,iii)); Date assessed: 13 February 2019
Human uses
水産業: 食糧水産
用具
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 2.0039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常に低い, １４年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.11; tmax >30; tm approx. 15-20 yrs.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
