Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade ? - 450 m (Ref. 3688). Tropical; 38°N - 16°S
Eastern Atlantic: Cape Bojador, Western Sahara to Angola (absent around islands including the Canary Islands). Recently recorded from coast of Cadiz, southern Spain (Ref. 27509).
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 21.9  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4781); common length : 32.5 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4781); peso máx. Publicado: 8.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Live in small groups though large individuals may be solitary. Inhabit inshore waters, close to the bottom on various substrates (specially rocky) to 150 m. Adults feed on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods while the young feed on plankton (Ref. 4781). Important food fish.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.8 - 16.1, mean 14.5 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00936 - 0.01474), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.15-0.17; tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 72.6 [39.6, 136.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.952 [0.521, 1.667] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.8, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.142, 0.573] g/100g; Selenium = 95.6 [45.6, 178.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.3 [4.0, 33.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.597, 1.229] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.