分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 7.5 - 8.5; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). 亞熱帶的; 0°C - 40°C (Ref. 55930); 53°N - 15°N, 100°E - 140°E (Ref. 55930)
Asia: Amur river basin to southern China (Ref. 55930). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 44416). Persists only in Europe by stocking or accidental releases; native stocks in Russia have declined sharply (Ref. 59043). Several countries reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亞洲: 阿穆爾河流域到中國南部.(參考文獻 55930) 記錄來自越南了。 (參考文獻 44416) 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV). 一些國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 91.5, range 100 - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 12.2 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35840); 最大體重: 35.0 kg (Ref. 56557); 最大年齡: 13 年 (Ref. 55930)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 7 - 9; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. Anatomy of the pharyngeal apparatus is the main distinguishing characteristic; throat teeth typically form a single row of 4-5 large molariform teeth on each of the two arches, with formula typically 1,4 - 4,1.
Adults inhabit large lowland rivers and lakes, preferably with clear water and high oxygen concentrations. Larvae feed on zooplankton, then on ostracods and aquatic insects. At about 120 mm SL, juveniles start to prey on small snails and clams while larger juveniles and adults feed almost entirely on molluscs. Undertake upriver migration and spawns in open waters. Deposit pelagic or semipelagic eggs which hatch while drifting downstream. Larvae settle into floodplain lakes and channels with little or no current (Ref. 59043). Maximum age probably exceeds 15 years; the figure of 20 years is not supported by data (Ref. 55930).
棲息於河。 (參考文獻 9987) 主要吃蝸牛，水生昆蟲與甲殼動物。 在實驗下面對於在美國的水產業.(參考文獻 4537)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Prewspawning adults migrate upstream in spring - early summer; spawning takes place in turbulent waters; eggs are pelagic and drift downstream and larvae enter nursery areas such as flood plains or backwater habitats; main river channel is used as feeding and wintering area by subadults and adults.亞洲: 阿穆爾河流域到中國南部.(參考文獻 55930) 記錄來自越南了。 (參考文獻 44416) 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV). 一些國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks, 2005. Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 April 2020
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00779 - 0.01068), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08-0.09; tm=3-9; tmax >13; Fec=1,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73 [39, 113] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.72, 1.80] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [18.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.335 [0.177, 0.670] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.8, 64.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.37 [2.88, 20.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.713 [0.531, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight);
