分類 / Names
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の; pH range: 7.5 - 8.5; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 5 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 40°C (Ref. 55930); 53°N - 15°N, 100°E - 140°E (Ref. 55930)
Asia: Amur river basin to southern China (Ref. 55930). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 44416). Persists only in Europe by stocking or accidental releases; native stocks in Russia have declined sharply (Ref. 59043). Several countries reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 91.5, range 100 - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 40637); common length : 12.2 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 35840); 最大公表体重: 35.0 kg (Ref. 56557); 最大記録サイズ: 13 年 (Ref. 55930)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 7 - 9; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 8 - 10. Anatomy of the pharyngeal apparatus is the main distinguishing characteristic; throat teeth typically form a single row of 4-5 large molariform teeth on each of the two arches, with formula typically 1,4 - 4,1.
Adults inhabit large lowland rivers and lakes, preferably with clear water and high oxygen concentrations. Larvae feed on zooplankton, then on ostracods and aquatic insects. At about 120 mm SL, juveniles start to prey on small snails and clams while larger juveniles and adults feed almost entirely on molluscs. Undertake upriver migration and spawns in open waters. Deposit pelagic or semipelagic eggs which hatch while drifting downstream. Larvae settle into floodplain lakes and channels with little or no current (Ref. 59043). Maximum age probably exceeds 15 years; the figure of 20 years is not supported by data (Ref. 55930).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Prewspawning adults migrate upstream in spring - early summer; spawning takes place in turbulent waters; eggs are pelagic and drift downstream and larvae enter nursery areas such as flood plains or backwater habitats; main river channel is used as feeding and wintering area by subadults and adults.
Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks, 2005. Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人間に対する脅威
Potential pest (Ref. 74657)
Human uses
水産業: 高い商業の; 水産養殖: 商業
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00779 - 0.01068), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.08-0.09; tm=3-9; tmax >13; Fec=1,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73 [39, 113] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.72, 1.80] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [18.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.335 [0.177, 0.670] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.8, 64.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.37 [2.88, 20.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.713 [0.531, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight);
