Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; ঈষৎ লোনা রীফ সংশ্লিষ্ট; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 101 - ? m (Ref. 89707). Subtropical; 15°S - 37°S, 27°E - 51°E (Ref. 5222)
Southeast Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: known with certainty only from the southeast coast of Africa between Quissico, Mozambique (24°50'S) and Knysna, South Africa (23°E). Reports from Madagascar are dubious.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 49.2, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 87.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 74502); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 8.7 kg (Ref. 4787)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 11; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 13 - 15; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body and fins brown; body, caudal and dorsal fins with numerous small close-set irregular dark brown spots; 2 dark brown stripes running posteriorly from the eye across operculum, and another continuing from the maxillary groove to the lower edge of the preopercle; body elongate, depth 3.2-3.7 times in SL; greatest body width 1.4-1.8 times in body depth; head length 2.4-2.7 times in SL; angular preopercle, with several enlarged serrae at the angle; upper edge of operculum slightly convex; posterior and anterior nostrils equal; scaly maxilla, reaching to or past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-3 rows of teeth on midside of lower jaw; rounded caudal fin; ctenoid midlateral-body scales (mostly embedded), with auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707).
Adults inhabit reefs and rocky bottom to a depth of at least 101 m (Ref. 089707); juveniles are found in tide pools. Feed on fishes and crustaceans. Sexual maturity is attained at 50 to 60 cm. Are diandric protogynous hermaphrodites unlike that of other congeners (Ref. 74502).
Life cycle and mating behavior
পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | ডিমসমূহ | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | শুককীট
Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 74502, 103751).
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: মৎস্যচাষের অস্তিত্ব ; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00547 - 0.02006), b=3.02 (2.86 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (tm=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
