分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 101 - ? m (Ref. 89707). 亞熱帶的; 15°S - 37°S, 27°E - 51°E (Ref. 5222)
Southeast Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: known with certainty only from the southeast coast of Africa between Quissico, Mozambique (24°50'S) and Knysna, South Africa (23°E). Reports from Madagascar are dubious.
東南大西洋與西印度洋: 確定知道的只從在 Quissico ，莫三比克 (24 ° 50'S) 與南非的耐斯納 (23 ° E) 之間的非洲的東南海岸. 來自馬達加斯加的報告是可疑的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 49.2, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 87.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 74502); 最大體重: 8.7 kg (Ref. 4787)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body and fins brown; body, caudal and dorsal fins with numerous small close-set irregular dark brown spots; 2 dark brown stripes running posteriorly from the eye across operculum, and another continuing from the maxillary groove to the lower edge of the preopercle; body elongate, depth 3.2-3.7 times in SL; greatest body width 1.4-1.8 times in body depth; head length 2.4-2.7 times in SL; angular preopercle, with several enlarged serrae at the angle; upper edge of operculum slightly convex; posterior and anterior nostrils equal; scaly maxilla, reaching to or past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-3 rows of teeth on midside of lower jaw; rounded caudal fin; ctenoid midlateral-body scales (mostly embedded), with auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707).
Adults inhabit reefs and rocky bottom to a depth of at least 101 m (Ref. 089707); juveniles are found in tide pools. Feed on fishes and crustaceans. Sexual maturity is attained at 50 to 60 cm. Are diandric protogynous hermaphrodites unlike that of other congeners (Ref. 74502).
棲息於礁與岩石的底部到深度至少 50 公尺; 稚魚被發現於潮池。 吃魚，棘龍蝦與螃蟹。 性成熟被以 50 到 60 公分達到。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 74502, 103751).東南大西洋與西印度洋: 確定知道的只從在 Quissico ，莫三比克 (24 ° 50'S) 與南非的耐斯納 (23 ° E) 之間的非洲的東南海岸. 來自馬達加斯加的報告是可疑的。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 20 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00547 - 0.02006), b=3.02 (2.86 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
