分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Rüppell.
Issue
Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) is a valid species (Ref. 128293).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). 热带; 32°N - 26°S, 30°E - 170°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to northern Madagascar and the Bay of Bengal; southern Japan and northern coast of Australia to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到马达加斯加北部与孟加拉国湾; 日本南部与澳洲到索罗门群岛，新加勒多尼亚，斐济，东加与美属萨摩亚的北海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 6.2, range 5 - 6.7 cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48635); common length : 7.5 cm NG 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27550); 最大年龄: 1.70 年 (Ref. 2178)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 14 - 16. Belly rounded with 4 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays only. Anal fin short. In life, a distinct blue upper edge to its lateral stripe and a dull silver or grey band on flank, the back beige.
腹面圆形的对 6个锐利的针状前腹鳍鳞甲有四个。 颚骨顶端尖的, 突出的超过第二个上颚骨而且延伸到子鳃盖。 峡部短, 在鳃盖膜之间的尾舌骨上前面有一个小的多骨碟了。 只有的不分枝的背鳍棘条与臀鳍棘条。 臀鳍短。 活着时, 在侧面，背部浅褐色上的它的侧面斑纹的一个明显的蓝色上缘与一条暗银色或灰色的条纹。
A schooling species found inshore, but also inhabits deep bays under oceanic influence. Rarely enter mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Probably feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods, Ref. 8591). Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end. Eggs occur intermittently in the lower reaches of mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Utilized mostly for bait, but also for human consumption as dried fish or fermented sauce (Ref. 9987).
一个群游性鱼种发现沿海地区, 也在大洋性的影响力下面居住于深的海湾。 很少进入红树林水域。 (参考文献 43081) 可能主要捕食浮游性甲壳动物。 (例如，桡脚类的动物, 参考文献 8591) 卵是椭圆形的, 在一端没有疖瘤。 卵间歇地在红树林水域的下面范围方面出现。 (参考文献 43081) 大部份利用作为饵料生物, 也如鱼乾或发酵酱料的供人类消费.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到马达加斯加北部与孟加拉国湾; 日本南部与澳洲到索罗门群岛，新加勒多尼亚，斐济，东加与美属萨摩亚的北海岸。
Hata, H. and H. Motomura, 2016. Validity of Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescription of Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837), a senior synonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 64(1):18-28. (Ref. 128293)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.9 °C (based on 375 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00483 - 0.00654), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.80-4.09; tm=0.36-0.98).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 192 [48, 627] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.53, 3.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.508] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [20.9, 229.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [5.5, 148.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [0.9, 4.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
