分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses)
鱸形目 (Basses) >
Kuhliidae (Aholeholes)
湯鯉科 (Aholeholes)
Etymology: Kuhlia: Because of Heindrich Kuhl, 1797-1821; researcher also with lizards (Gekkonidae).
Eponymy: Dr Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821) was a German naturalist and zoologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 1 - 22 m (Ref. 58302), usually 1 - 5 m (Ref. 58302). 亞熱帶的
Eastern Central Pacific: endemic to Hawaii.
中太平洋東部: 夏威夷的特有種。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.8, range 18 - 20 cm
Max length : 22.2 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 41640)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 12; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 11. Preorbital serrae 11-18; body depth 2.3-2.7 in SL; dorsal profile of head of adults slightly concave; eye large, 2.6-2.95 in head length; second anal spine 86-98% length of third spine; pelvic spine 2.2-2.5 in head length; caudal concavity 1.8-2.0 in head length. Silvery, caudal fin dusky to dark gray with a narrow black posterior margin and often a pale band (Ref. 41640).
眶前骨鋸齒 11-18; 體高 2.3-2.7 分之一標準體長; 成魚的頭部的背面輪廓些微地凹曲; 眼大的,2.6-2.95 分之一頭長; 第三根棘的第二臀鰭棘 86-98% 長度; 腹棘 2.2-2.5 分之一頭長; 尾部的凹窪 1.8-2.0 分之一頭長。 銀色的, 尾鰭暗色的到深灰色具有一個狹窄的黑色後緣與時常一條灰白的條紋.(參考文獻 41640)
Found in brackish water, tide pools, over sand, and near rocks and reef in estuaries, back-reefs, or areas of strong surge (Ref. 58302). Inshore species, often seen in schools (Ref. 41640). Adults nocturnal (Ref. 41640).
沿海地區種, 時常在魚群中見到。 (參考文獻 41640) 成魚夜行的.(參考文獻 41640)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
中太平洋東部: 夏威夷的特有種。
Randall, J.E. and H.A. Randall, 2001. Review of the fishes of the genus Kuhlia (Perciformes: Kuhliidae) of the Central Pacific. Pac. Sci. 55(3):227-256. (Ref. 41640)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 25.6, mean 25.3 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00996 - 0.03998), b=3.08 (2.90 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.25 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
