分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 1 - 64 m, usually 4 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S, 29°E - 171°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Kenya to southern Mozambique eastward to the western Pacific. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Not reported from oceanic islands in the Indian Ocean, except for Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar, and the Andaman and Lakshadweep islands. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and from the islands of Micronesia except for Palau. Record from Rodriguez by Heemstra & Randall (1984, Ref. 3153) could not be verified and is probably erroneous (Ref. 33390).
印度-西太平洋: 肯亞到莫三比克南部向東至西太平洋。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 不記錄自印度洋的大洋性島嶼, 除了亞達伯拉，科摩洛，馬達加斯加與安達曼群島與拉克沙群島。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣, 而且從密克羅尼西亞的島嶼除了帛琉。 從羅德里格斯記錄由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153) 無法確認而且可能是錯誤的.(參考文獻 33390)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 12.2, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48635); 最大年齡: 11 年 (Ref. 45317)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Brownish to greenish grey with dusky vertical bands over the body. White margins and black sub-margins on the median fins (Ref. 48635). Preopercle rounded, very finely serrate; no enlarged spines at angle, lower edge fleshy; characterized further by having ctenoid scales on body including abdomen; greatest depth of body 2.6-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins not usually reaching anus, 1.6-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102).
Mainly a coastal species (Ref. 48635). Inhabits silty dead reefs in protected waters. May also be seen on live coral (Ref. 089707). Secretive (Ref. 37816). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 30531) and crustaceans (Ref. 089707). Courtship and pair spawning were observed by Donaldson (1989, Ref. 6900). Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 45317).
主要地一個沿岸魚種.(參考文獻 48635) 在有遮蔽的水域中棲息於淤泥的死珊瑚礁區。 躲躲藏藏的.(參考文獻 37816) 主要吃魚 (參考文獻 30531) 與甲殼動物。 求偶期與成對產卵被 Donaldson 觀察了。 (1989, 參考文獻 6900) 有雙雄蕊的雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 45317)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 肯亞到莫三比克南部向東至西太平洋。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 不記錄自印度洋的大洋性島嶼, 除了亞達伯拉，科摩洛，馬達加斯加與安達曼群島與拉克沙群島。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣, 而且從密克羅尼西亞的島嶼除了帛琉。 從羅德里格斯記錄由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153) 無法確認而且可能是錯誤的.(參考文獻 33390)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01055 - 0.01573), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.7 [34.2, 104.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.613 [0.351, 1.150] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.110, 0.277] g/100g; Selenium = 35.1 [19.2, 60.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 169 [64, 524] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.610, 1.373] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
