Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien bathypelagisch; diepte 400 - 1500 m (Ref. 127764). Deep-water
Southern Ocean: islands of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, Prydz Bay and the Ross Sea. A separate subspecies may be present in the Ross Sea population, but this needs more evidence (Ref. 5179). Reported from Olaf Prydz Bay, Mackenzie Sea, Indian sector of the Antarctic (Ref. 44178).
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.3 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 124149); 33.6 cm TL (female); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 563.60 g (Ref. 124149)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 7; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 34; Anale zachte stralen: 30. Gray with violet hue and lighter below with metallic luster. In alcohol, purplish gray or light brown dorsally (Ref. 11892).
Feeds on zooplankton. The storage of lipids in cells of adipose tissue as well as the reduced calcification of the skeleton provide buoyancy to this species.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van geen belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -0.2 - 1.2, mean 0.9 °C (based on 21 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00330 - 0.00835), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 27.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).