分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes)
鱸形目 (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes)
南極魚科 (Cod icefishes) > Trematominae
Etymology: Trematomus: Greek, trematos = hole + Greek, tomo = section, cut (Ref. 45335); bernacchii: Species name bernacchii honors Louis Bernarcchi, an Australian physicist-meteorologist; specimen collected on the Southern Cross Expedition and served on Scott's 1901 expedition (Ref. 45168).
Eponymy: Louis Charles ‘Bunny’ Bernacchi (1876–1942) was a physicist and astronomer who took part in several expeditions to Antarctica. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Boulenger.
Issue
The genus Pseudotrematomus is a synonym of Trematomus, which is confirmed by a molecular study to be published (J.-C. Hureau, pers. comm. 08 Jun. 2010).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 700 m (Ref. 11892), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 45168). 極; 61°S - 78°S
Southern Ocean: Peter Island, South Shetland, Elephant and South Orkney islands. Mac-Robertson, Queen Mary, Adelie Coasts, Weddell, Davis and Ross seas. East Antarctica from Queen Maud Land to Terre Adelie.
南極海: 彼得島，雪特蘭群島南方部，象與奧克尼群島南方部島。 Mac-羅伯遜，瑪麗皇后， Adelie 海岸，威德爾海，戴維斯與羅斯海洋。 東的從皇后灰色條紋呢土地到 Terre Adelie 的南極洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5179); 35.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2121); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 5179)
背棘 (總數) : 4 - 6; 背的軟條 (總數) : 34 - 39; 臀鰭軟條: 31 - 35. Body brownish, large dark spots in two or three series on body. Spinous dorsal blackish in upper part (Ref. 11892).
身體褐色的, 在身體上的二或三系列中的大深色的斑點。 刺狀的背部黑色的在上半部中.(參考文獻 11892)
Found in seafloors, well adapted to extremely low and stable temperatures (-1.86°C), annual mean temperature of McMurdo Sound) (Ref. 45168). Feed on polychaetes, gastropods, isopods, amphipods and few algae. Spawn once a year (Ref. 1071). Utilized for human consumption.
發現於海底了, 很好地適應非常低而穩定的溫度 (-1.86 °C, McMurdo Sound 的年平均溫) 。 (參考文獻 45168) 吃多毛類動物，腹足動物，等足目動物，片腳類動物與很少的藻類。 供人類食用。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Although members of this Family are known to tend to egg masses, it is assumed that because of the high fecundity, this species is a non-guarder (RF), to be corrected if direct information becomes available.南極海: 彼得島，雪特蘭群島南方部，象與奧克尼群島南方部島。 Mac-羅伯遜，瑪麗皇后， Adelie 海岸，威德爾海，戴維斯與羅斯海洋。 東的從皇后灰色條紋呢土地到 Terre Adelie 的南極洲。
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.8 - -0.8, mean -1.7 °C (based on 2076 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00279 - 0.01033), b=3.24 (3.08 - 3.40), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 (2.0 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.91; tm=3-6; tmax=10; Fec=1,200-3,123).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.4 [18.6, 70.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.456 [0.206, 0.860] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.3, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.228, 0.727] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [6.7, 32.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.5, 70.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.515 [0.356, 0.761] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
