رده بندی / Names
اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 9 - 300 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 15°N - 33°S, 23°E - 77°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: Kenya to Knysna, South Africa and the Kerala coast of India; however, there are no records between Kenya and Durban, nor between Kenya and India. Record from Djibouti (Ref. 5450) is doubtful.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 137 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5213); common length : 70.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5450); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 55.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 13 - 14; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: variable coloration depending on size and depth of capture: head and body greyish brown for specimens up to 35 cm SL, shading to pale purplish grey ventrally, with three broad dark bars between the dorsal fin and lateral line; broad dark blotch dorsally on the caudal peduncle, reaching about halfway to the lateral line; specimens from deep water 88-115 cm SL with rosy slate or chocolate brown; throat and hidden membranes of head pinkish grey; without bars, spots or blotches; body depth 2.5-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle; convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostril diameter 2-4 times larger than anterior nostril; scaly maxilla, reaching to or slightly past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of teeth in midlateral part of lower jaw in 20-56 cm SL fish and 3-4 rows in 70-90 cm SL fish; caudal fin truncate; ctenoid lateral body scales, auxiliary scales sparse or absent on body scales (Ref. 089707).
Along the South African coast, it occurs on rocky bottoms at depths of 9 to at least 55 m; off the coast of Kenya it occurs below the major thermocline at 125 to 200; also known from deep waters off the Kerala coast of India at 250 to 300 m. Occurrence off the coasts of Kenya and India appears to be an example of 'tropical submergence' by which temperate species are able to live at tropical latitudes only in the cooler deep-water zone.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.4 - 26.1, mean 23.2 °C (based on 51 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00621 - 0.02932), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.1 [5.9, 30.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.384 [0.199, 0.775] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.117 [0.068, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 63.5 [34.8, 117.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 112 [31, 422] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.70, 1.44] mg/100g (wet weight);
