分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels)
鼬鳚目 (Cusk eels) >
Ophidiidae (Cusk-eels)
鼬魚科 (Cusk-eels) > Brotulinae
Etymology: Brotula: Latin, brotula, -ae = little, bud, shoot (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Frances Naomi Clark (1894–1987) was the only woman in the male-dominated field of marine biology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Hubbs.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 ? - 650 m (Ref. 34024), usually 40 - 75 m (Ref. 36413). 熱帶; 25°N - 6°S
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
中太平洋東部: 加州灣到祕魯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 75.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55763); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55763)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 108 - 118; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 78 - 89; 脊椎骨: 55 - 56. Body completely covered with small, imbricate, cycloid scales; barbels present on snout (6) and chin (6); branchiostegal rays 8; median basibranchial tooth patch absent; developed gill rakers on first arch 4 or fewer; pelvic fin rays inserted at about level of preopercle, well behind eye (Ref. 34024).
身體完全地覆蓋著小的﹐重疊成瓦狀的﹐和圓形的鱗片了; 觸鬚位於吻 (6) 與下巴之上;(6) 鰓條骨 8; 中動脈基鰓骨齒列不存在; 在第一鰓弓 4 或較少數上的發展的鰓耙; 於大約前鰓蓋骨的水平插入的腹鰭鰭條, 在眼正後方。 (參考文獻 34024)
Adults benthopelagic to 650 m depth, juveniles common on reefs (Ref. 34024). At depths of about 40-75 m, adults are found deep on mud and broken shell bottom (Ref. 36413). Smaller silvery specimens taken far out at sea in the epipelagic (Ref. 34024). Caught occasionally (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with late post-flexion and transformation stage larvae found in midwater (Ref. 36413). Oval, pelagic eggs float in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205).
對 650 公尺深的成魚大洋底棲性魚種, 稚魚常見於礁.(參考文獻 34024) 深度大約 40-75 公尺, 成魚在泥與碎貝底部上深地被發現.(參考文獻 36413) 比較小的銀色標本在表層帶取自遠外海.。 (參考文獻 34024) 偶然地捕捉。 (參考文獻 34024) 卵生的, 具有晚後彎與變態階段仔魚發現於中層水域..(參考文獻 36413) 大洋性的卵漂浮在一個橢圓形的凝膠團中。 (參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, with no specialized copulatory organ (Ref. 36413).中太平洋東部: 加州灣到祕魯。
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 25.2, mean 19.4 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00200 - 0.00722), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 56.5 [31.2, 137.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.759 [0.396, 1.366] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.202 [0.105, 0.413] g/100g; Selenium = 151 [68, 350] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.5, 39.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.728 [0.481, 1.126] mg/100g (wet weight);
