分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) >
Ophidiidae (Cusk-eels) > Brotulinae
Etymology: Brotula: Latin, brotula, -ae = little, bud, shoot (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Frances Naomi Clark (1894–1987) was the only woman in the male-dominated field of marine biology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Hubbs.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 深度上下限 ? - 650 m (Ref. 34024), usually 40 - 75 m (Ref. 36413). 熱帶; 25°N - 6°S
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
中太平洋東部: 加州灣到祕魯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 75.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 108 - 118; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 78 - 89; 脊椎骨: 55 - 56. Body completely covered with small, imbricate, cycloid scales; barbels present on snout (6) and chin (6); branchiostegal rays 8; median basibranchial tooth patch absent; developed gill rakers on first arch 4 or fewer; pelvic fin rays inserted at about level of preopercle, well behind eye (Ref. 34024).
身体完全地覆盖着小的，重叠成瓦状的，和圆形的鳞片了; 触须位于吻 (6) 与下巴之上;(6) 鳃条骨 8; 中动脉基鳃骨齿列不存在; 在第一鳃弓 4 或较少数上的发展的鳃耙; 于大约前鳃盖骨的水平插入的腹鳍鳍条, 在眼正后方。 (参考文献 34024)
Adults benthopelagic to 650 m depth, juveniles common on reefs (Ref. 34024). At depths of about 40-75 m, adults are found deep on mud and broken shell bottom (Ref. 36413). Smaller silvery specimens taken far out at sea in the epipelagic (Ref. 34024). Caught occasionally (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with late post-flexion and transformation stage larvae found in midwater (Ref. 36413). Oval, pelagic eggs float in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205).
对 650 公尺深的成鱼大洋底栖性鱼种, 稚鱼常见于礁.(参考文献 34024) 深度大约 40-75 公尺, 成鱼在泥与碎贝底部上深地被发现.(参考文献 36413) 比较小的银色标本在表层带取自远外海了。 (参考文献 34024) 偶然地捕捉。 (参考文献 34024) 卵生的, 具有晚后弯与变态阶段仔鱼发现于中层水域了.(参考文献 36413)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, with no specialized copulatory organ (Ref. 36413).中太平洋東部: 加州灣到祕魯。
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 25.2, mean 19.4 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00200 - 0.00722), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 56.5 [31.2, 137.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.759 [0.396, 1.366] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.202 [0.105, 0.413] g/100g; Selenium = 151 [68, 350] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.5, 39.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.728 [0.481, 1.126] mg/100g (wet weight);
