分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Narkidae (Sleeper rays)
Eponymy: Major-General Thomas Hardwicke (1756–1835) served in the Bengal army of the Honourable East India Company. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Gray.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的. 熱帶; 13°N - 2°N, 92°E - 111°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean and North-West Pacific; Thailand to Vietnam, including Malaysia.
印度-西太平洋: 在泰緬邊界南方經過麻六甲海峽與馬來半島到新加坡與越南附近的安達曼海, 出現外海的泰國，但是海岸與地點不確定。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 11.5, range 11 - 12 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9913)
Found in continental waters, both inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913); primarily inshore on soft substrates (Ref. 114953). Probably feeds on small benthic invertebrates. Females reported to produce 4 pups a litter (Ref. 114953). Biology little known (Ref. 9913). Maturity size of males reaches at 8-10 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
发现于大陆的水域，岸边与外海了。 (参考文献 9913) 生物学特性知道的很少.(参考文献 9913)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 在泰緬邊界南方經過麻六甲海峽與馬來半島到新加坡與越南附近的安達曼海, 出現外海的泰國，但是海岸與地點不確定。
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28.4, mean 27.3 °C (based on 365 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
