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Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840)

Kutum
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Rutilus frisii
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Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Rutilus: Latin, rutilus = reddish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Bengt Fredrik Fries (1799–1839) was a Swedish biologist, entomologist and ichthyologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; Água doce; estuarina bentopelágico; intervalo de profundidade 50 - ? m. Temperate; 56°N - 36°N, 22°E - 54°E

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eurasia: Black and Azov Sea basins, absent from Danube and Kuban drainages; landloacked populations in Don, resulting from dam construction; Caspian basin from Terek to Atrek drainages, very rarely in northern Caspian basin (Volga [earlier up to Perm], Ural); Lake Iznik in Sea of Marmara basin in Anatolia.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 46.5, range 43 - 50 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 556); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6111); peso máx. publicado: 8.0 kg (Ref. 59043); idade máx. registrada: 12 anos (Ref. 6111)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Raios dorsais (total) : 11 - 12; Raios anais : 12 - 14. Can be diagnosed from its congeners in Black and Caspian Sea basins by having the following characters: body almost cylindrical, depth 19-26% SL; 53-64 + 3 scales on lateral line; abdomen posterior to pelvic rounded; snout rounded, stout; mouth subterminal; dorsal fin with 9-10½ branched rays; iris and fins grey or slightly yellowish; breeding males with large, scattered tubercles on top and side of head (Ref. 59043).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

A semi-anadromous species which occurs in large brackish estuaries and their large, freshened plume waters, coastal lakes connected to rivers and lowland stretches of large rivers. Can tolerate salinities up to 7-12 ppt. Landlocked populations live in lakes or reservoirs. Larvae and early juveniles take zooplankton, algae and insect larvae as food while adults feed on molluscs, Rhithropanopeus crabs and other benthic invertebrates. Feeding ceases while migrating, spawning and overwintering. Breeds in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Begins migration to rivers in second half of October (Black Sea, rarely in Caspian Sea). When rivers are covered with ice, spawning migration stops and continues when ice breaks up or even under ice in February-April. Spawns in April-May. Adults migrate back to estuaries to forage immediately after spawning. Juveniles move to estuaries during first summer in August. Landlocked populations undertake migration in springs from lakes or reservoirs or middle stretches of rivers to tributaries or upper reaches (Ref. 59043).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Lays eggs which adhere to rocks and gravel, rarely on submerged plants. Eggs hatch in 10-16 days at 12-19°C (Ref. 59043).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless





Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais
FAO - pescarias: desembarques; Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Composição da dieta
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Predadores
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Length-weight rel.
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Estimates based on models

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5020   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00527 - 0.01312), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (tmax=12; tm=3-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 8.15 [5.12, 17.31] mg/100g; Iron = 0.0971 [, ] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.7, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.709 [0.367, 1.396] g/100g; Selenium = 2.5 [0.9, 7.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [6.3, 50.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.246 [0.163, 0.435] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.