Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) > Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Eponymy: Dr Johann Horkel (1769–1846) was a German physician and botanist who had an example of this species, preserved in alcohol, that he provided to the authors. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 1 - 150 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 24°S - 41°S, 63°W - 55°W (Ref. 114953)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Western South Atlantic: From Rio de Janeiro to Argentina.

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 138 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 57911); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 6077)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Nostrils are longer, crown is flat transversely or even slightly convex, tubercles in median row are larger, thorn like, numerous. Origin of first dorsal is posterior to the tips of pelvic fins, equal to the base of first dorsal. Upper surface uniform olive gray or chocolate brown, without pale or dark markings. Snout with an oval sooty patch (Ref. 6902).

Found from the coast line to the continental edge. Females mature at ca. 90 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes and small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of 4-12 pups (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Critically Endangered (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 July 2019

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.6 - 22.7, mean 15.6 °C (based on 248 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00134 - 0.00591), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.49 se; based on food items.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (Fec=4-12).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Pseudobatos horkelii (Müller & Henle, 1841)