分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 19 - 130 m (Ref. 26938). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 7°N, 98°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Florida, USA, northern Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Colombia to Trinidad and Tobago.
西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到美國佛羅里達南部，北部巴哈馬，墨西哥灣與加勒比海西部到哥倫比亞。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26938); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3275); 最大體重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
Occurs in bays, lagoons and shallow coastal waters (Ref. 7251). Inhabits mainly hard and sandy bottoms (Ref. 3275).
出現於海灣，潟湖與沿岸淺水區。 (參考文獻 7251) 主要棲息於堅硬的與砂質底部.(參考文獻 3275)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到美國佛羅里達南部，北部巴哈馬，墨西哥灣與加勒比海西部到哥倫比亞。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 January 2013
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 27.5, mean 24.2 °C (based on 84 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00289 - 0.01442), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.7 [24.8, 117.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.916 [0.426, 1.695] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [14.2, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.204 [0.109, 0.378] g/100g; Selenium = 32.1 [13.9, 72.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.7, 46.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.267, 0.633] mg/100g (wet weight);
