分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) >
Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Chaetodipterus: Greek, chaite = hair + Greek, dipteros = with two fins (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 3 - 35 m (Ref. 26912). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ref. 47377).
西大西洋: 新英格蘭 (參考文獻 47377) ，美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西東南方， Rio Grande do Sul.(參考文獻 47377)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.4 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26466); 最大体重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 21 - 24; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 18. Very deep-bodied, compressed, disk-shaped fish with a very blunt snout. Irregular, bold, blackish, vertical bands that fade with age. Second dorsal and anal fins have high anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). Mouth small, the maxilla of adults ending beneath nostrils; no teeth on roof of mouth; scales ctenoid; head and fins scaled; opercle ends in an obtuse point (Ref. 13442).
非常深的-身体, 扁长形的, 圆盘-形状的鱼具有一个非常钝的吻。 褪色随着年龄的不规则的，显着的，和黑色又垂直的条纹。 第二背鳍与臀鳍有高的前面叶。 (参考文献 26938) 嘴小的, 在鼻孔之下的成鱼终止的颚骨; 没有牙齿在嘴的顶部; 鳞片有栉鳞的; 头部与鳍覆有鳞片的; 鳃盖在圆头的点结束。 (参考文献 13442)
Abundant in shallow coastal waters, from mangroves and sandy beaches to wrecks and harbors. Juveniles (black phase) are common in estuaries and often found in very shallow water swimming at an angle resembling dead leaves or as infertile red mangrove pods and other debris. Adults often occur in very large schools of up to 500 individuals (Ref. 9710). Feed on benthic invertebrates like crustaceans, mollusks, annelids, cnidarians as well as on plankton (Ref. 35237). Good food fish (Ref. 5521); marketed fresh (Ref. 5217). Often circles divers (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth from Ref. 9710. In southeastern Brazil found between 23 and 45 m (Ref. 47377). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35425).
丰富的在沿岸浅水区中, 从红树林与沙滩到残骸与港湾。 稚鱼 (黑色的阶段) 是常见于河口而且时常发现于以相似枯叶的一个角或如无法孕育的红色红树林荚 与其他的残砾游泳的很浅的水域。 成鱼时常出现在向上到的非常大群的鱼群 500个个体。 (参考文献 9710) 吃底栖的无脊椎动物例如甲壳动物，软件动物，环节动物，刺细胞动物以及浮游生物。 (参考文献 35237) 好食用鱼;(参考文献 5521) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 5217) 时常包围潜水者。 (参考文献 9710) 最小深度从参考文献 9710. 在巴西东南方中发现在 23 与 45 公尺之间了。 (参考文献 47377) 曾经后面在繁殖场.(参考文献 35425)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 新英格蘭 (參考文獻 47377) ，美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西東南方， Rio Grande do Sul.(參考文獻 47377)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 28, mean 25.4 °C (based on 380 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.02581 - 0.04248), b=2.94 (2.87 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8; tm=1; K=0.34).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [7, 41] mg/100g; Iron = 0.412 [0.214, 0.762] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [19.1, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.165 [0.090, 0.311] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [6.9, 34.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [5.6, 116.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.532 [0.327, 0.832] mg/100g (wet weight);
