Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม เกี่ยวกับหินโสโครก; ระดับความลึก 1 - 70 m (Ref. 58047), usually 2 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 33°N - 35°S, 98°W - 19°E
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and southern Florida, USA to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola, including St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Cape Verde, St. Helena and Ascension islands. One record from Cape of Good Hope, South Africa (Ref. 7320).
ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 26999); common length : 25.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 3632)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 3; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 23 - 25. Pale spots about the size of the pupil or smaller on body and some on dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. A solitary species (Ref. 26340) inhabiting shallow water on bottoms with eroded limestone or mixed sand and rocks, as well as around reefs. Often found lying motionless against rocks (Ref. 13121). Secretes copious mucus which makes its surface slimy and when disturbed the slime turns into a soapy foam. The mucus has been shown to contain a toxic protein (Ref. 3632). Nocturnal, frequently seen around the bases of coral colonies and near mouths of caves (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | การสืบพันธุ์ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ตัวอ่อน
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
การประมง: การประมงยังชีพ; สถานที่แสดงสัตว์และพืชน้ำ: การค้า
เครื่องมือ
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แหล่งที่มาจากอินเตอร์เน็ต
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 708 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00451 - 0.02922), b=3.06 (2.84 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.1 [24.7, 79.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.521 [0.280, 0.880] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.161 [0.109, 0.241] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [18.7, 55.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 112 [39, 351] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.74, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
