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Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Eponymy: Walter Heinrich Munk (1917–2019) was an Austrian-born American oceanographer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).

Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 9256)

Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnérable, voir Liste Rouge IUCN (VU) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987