分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
鱈科 (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Pollachius: Scottish dialect, podlock, paddle = bumpfish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 37 - 364 m (Ref. 5951). 溫帶; 77°N - 33°N, 76°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Spitsbergen to Bay of Biscay, around Iceland. Western Atlantic: southwest Greenland, Hudson Strait to North Carolina, although rare at the extremes of the range. Migrations for spawning are known to occur. Also long-distance north-south migrations for Europe and the US.
東大西洋: 巴倫支海，斯匹次卑爾根群島到比斯開灣, 冰島的周圍。 西大西洋: 格陵蘭西南部，哈得遜海峽到北卡羅萊那州, 雖然稀有的在範圍的極端。 迴游進行產卵被知道出現。 也對於歐洲與美國的長途南北迴游。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 39.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4645); 最大體重: 32.0 kg (Ref. 7251); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Chin barbel small. Lateral line smooth along its entire length. Body color is brownish-green dorsally, becoming only slightly paler ventrally. The lateral line pale.
下巴觸鬚小的。 側線平滑的沿著它的整個長度。 體色是褐色-綠色的背面, 變成只些微地腹側灰白。 側線灰白的。
An active, gregarious fish occurring inshore and offshore waters. Usually enters coastal waters in spring and returns to deeper waters in winter (Ref. 9988). Smaller fish in inshore waters feed on small crustaceans (copepods, amphipods, euphausiids) and small fish, while larger fish prey predominantly upon fishes. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
一個活躍又群居的魚出現於沿海地區與外海水域。 通常在春天進入沿岸水域而且回到較深的水域冬天時。 (參考文獻 9988) 在近岸水域的較小的魚吃小型甲殼動物 (橈腳類的動物，片腳類動物, 磷蝦) 與小魚而較大的魚主要捕食魚。 產卵於一批中。 (參考文獻 51846) 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃, 煙燻, 罐裝及冷凍; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波.而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 巴倫支海，斯匹次卑爾根群島到比斯開灣, 冰島的周圍。 西大西洋: 格陵蘭西南部，哈得遜海峽到北卡羅萊那州, 雖然稀有的在範圍的極端。 迴游進行產卵被知道出現。 也對於歐洲與美國的長途南北迴游。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 10.2, mean 7 °C (based on 292 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00581 - 0.00751), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.3 (5.6 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=0.55-0.87; K=0.07-0.17; tm=2-10; tmax=25; Fec=220,000).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.78, Based on 21 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [5.3, 40.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.293 [0.115, 0.731] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.599 [0.310, 1.230] g/100g; Selenium = 27.1 [9.3, 77.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.8, 45.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.363 [0.184, 0.685] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
