分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Pollachius: Scottish dialect, podlock, paddle = bumpfish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 37 - 364 m (Ref. 5951). 溫帶; 77°N - 33°N, 76°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Spitsbergen to Bay of Biscay, around Iceland. Western Atlantic: southwest Greenland, Hudson Strait to North Carolina, although rare at the extremes of the range. Migrations for spawning are known to occur. Also long-distance north-south migrations for Europe and the US.
東大西洋: 巴倫支海，斯匹次卑爾根群島到比斯開灣, 冰島的周圍。 西大西洋: 格陵蘭西南部，哈得遜海峽到北卡羅萊那州, 雖然稀有的在範圍的極端。 迴游進行產卵被知道出現。 也對於歐洲與美國的長途南北迴游。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 39.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4645); 最大体重: 32.0 kg (Ref. 7251); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Chin barbel small. Lateral line smooth along its entire length. Body color is brownish-green dorsally, becoming only slightly paler ventrally. The lateral line pale.
下巴触须小的。 侧线平滑的沿着它的整个长度。 体色是褐色-绿色的背面, 变成只些微地腹侧灰白。 侧线灰白的。
An active, gregarious fish occurring inshore and offshore waters. Usually enters coastal waters in spring and returns to deeper waters in winter (Ref. 9988). Smaller fish in inshore waters feed on small crustaceans (copepods, amphipods, euphausiids) and small fish, while larger fish prey predominantly upon fishes. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
一个活跃又群居的鱼出现于沿海地区与外海水域。 通常在春天进入沿岸水域而且回到较深的水域冬天时。 (参考文献 9988) 在近岸水域的较小的鱼吃小型甲壳动物 (桡脚类的动物，片脚类动物, 磷虾) 与小鱼而较大的鱼主要捕食鱼。 生鲜使用, 乾燥或盐腌, 烟熏, 罐装及冷冻; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 巴倫支海，斯匹次卑爾根群島到比斯開灣, 冰島的周圍。 西大西洋: 格陵蘭西南部，哈得遜海峽到北卡羅萊那州, 雖然稀有的在範圍的極端。 迴游進行產卵被知道出現。 也對於歐洲與美國的長途南北迴游。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 10.2, mean 7 °C (based on 292 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00581 - 0.00751), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.3 (5.6 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=0.55-0.87; K=0.07-0.17; tm=2-10; tmax=25; Fec=220,000).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.78, Based on 21 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [5.3, 40.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.293 [0.115, 0.731] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.599 [0.310, 1.230] g/100g; Selenium = 27.1 [9.3, 77.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.8, 45.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.363 [0.184, 0.685] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
