分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 熱帶; 24°N - 10°S, 70°E - 118°E (Ref. 188)
Indo-Pacific: Indian Ocean (Bombay to Bay of Bengal and Andaman coast of Thailand), Java Sea (off Java, Singapore). Sarawak, `Cochinchina' and Macao specimens (Ref. 6393) should be rechecked.
印度-太平洋: 印度洋 (到孟加拉灣與泰國的安達曼群島海岸的孟買) ，爪哇海.(外海的爪哇, 新加坡) 砂勞越,Cochinchina' 與澳門標本 (參考文獻 6393) 應該被再檢查。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 108866)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 38 - 53. Body rather deep, belly with 19 to 23 + 8 to 12, total 28 to 35 (usually 30 to 34) scutes. Eye large, lower jaw strongly projecting. Dorsal fin origin near midpoint of body; anal fin origin below hind part of dorsal fin base. Swim bladder with a single long tube passing back down right side of body above anal fin base. No toothed hypo-maxilla.
身體相當深的, 腹面有 19 到 23+8 到 12, 總數 28 到 35(通常 30 到 34)個鱗甲。 眼大的, 下頜強烈突出。 在身體中央附近的背鰭起點; 在背鰭基底的後部部份之下的臀鰭起源。 泳鰾有長的管身體上方臀鰭基底經過背部往下到右邊。 沒有有齒的皮下注射-顎骨。
An inshore species, but apparently occurs also in rivers (Ganges at Allahabad and rivers of eastern Uttar Pradesh, but not in Velar estuary). Ascends into the upper end of the tidal zone (Ref. 12693). Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, amphipods, occasionally polychaetes, tunicates and small amounts of algae and diatoms.
一種近岸的種, 但是顯然地在河中也出現.(恒河在 Allahabad 與東方烏塔普拉德什的河, 但是不在膜的河口) 上溯進入潮間帶的上端。 (參考文獻 12693) 吃魚，甲殼動物，片腳類動物，偶然多毛類﹐有被膜的與少量的藻類與矽藻。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 印度洋 (到孟加拉灣與泰國的安達曼群島海岸的孟買) ，爪哇海.(外海的爪哇, 新加坡) 砂勞越,Cochinchina' 與澳門標本 (參考文獻 6393) 應該被再檢查。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.7 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 614 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00555 - 0.01247), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 132 [81, 261] mg/100g; Iron = 1.39 [0.82, 2.19] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.362 [0.193, 0.677] g/100g; Selenium = 41.4 [22.1, 83.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [7.0, 42.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.68 [1.23, 2.33] mg/100g (wet weight);
