Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 6 - 55 m (Ref. 12260). 熱帶; 25°N - 30°S, 31°E - 155°E (Ref. 54703)
Indo-West Pacific: Indian Ocean: east coast of Africa northward from about Durban (Ref. 3509) to the Gulf of Oman (Ref. 188), including Madagascar (Ref. 188, 3509), the coasts of India and Andaman Sea (Ref. 188, 6867), and south to western Australia (Ref. 188); also South China Sea (Ref. 188), and Indonesia to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea (Ref. 188, 6867).
印度-西太平洋: 馬達加斯加, 與從南非的德爾班到阿曼灣與印度海岸。 從安達曼海到印尼與菲律賓, 向東南到阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) ，北部與澳洲西部與巴布亞新幾內亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 13.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 13.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2871)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 16 - 19; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 34 - 42. Diagnosis: Body moderately deep, compressed, belly with strongly keeled scutes, 17-20 pre-pelvic and 8-10 post-pelvic scutes, with a total of total 25-29 scutes (Ref. 188, 6867). Eye large; lower jaw projecting; upper jaw with a toothed hypomaxillary bone between hind tip of pre-maxilla and lower bulge of maxilla blade; lower gillrakers 22-27; dorsal fin origin near midpoint of body; pelvic fins present; anal fin with 34-42 finrays; scales with upper and lower vertical striae slightly overlapping each other at centre of scales (Ref. 188). It closely resembles Pellona dayi, which has only 20-21 lower gillrakers and the vertical scale striae not meeting at centre of scale; species of Ilisha have no hypomaxilla; other pristigasterids are much more slender and lack pelvic fins (Ref. 188).
通常腹面有 18 或者 19+8 或者 9,总计 26 到 28个鳞甲, 有明显的龙骨。 眼大的, 下颌突出的; 而且上颌有在前颚骨与颚骨叶片的低凸起的后部顶端之间的一个有齿的皮下注射-上颌骨的硬骨。 在身体中央附近的背鳍起点。 在鳞片中央鳞片有上、下垂直的陷纹些微部分重叠的彼此。
A pelagic species found in coastal areas (Ref. 2871, 6867) at depths from 6 to 36 meters (Ref. 3225); occasionally entering mangrove swamps and penetrating estuaries into freshwater (Ref. 188, 3509, 54703). Apparently fully euryhaline (Ref. 188). Marketed fresh and may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284). Regarded as an excellent bait in the tuna fishery.
出现于沿岸区域, 也进入红树林区域与河口 , 与淡水, 如此显然地完全广盐性。 在市场上销售生鲜地而且可能是乾燥或盐腌.(参考文献 5284) 在鲔鱼业中被认为一个优良的诱饵了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 馬達加斯加, 與從南非的德爾班到阿曼灣與印度海岸。 從安達曼海到印尼與菲律賓, 向東南到阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) ，北部與澳洲西部與巴布亞新幾內亞。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.4 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 884 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00437 - 0.01096), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.28-0.74).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 251 [131, 510] mg/100g; Iron = 1.98 [1.19, 3.22] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.7, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.45 [0.23, 0.83] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [18.5, 72.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.3 [15.0, 89.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [1.25, 2.52] mg/100g (wet weight);
