分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
Eponymy: Albertus Seba (1665–1736) was a very wealthy Dutch apothecary, zoologist and natural history collector, who published a lavish series of illustrations depicting, in part, marine life of the Indo-Pacific. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 5 - 180 m (Ref. 6390). 熱帶; 34°N - 35°S, 30°E - 171°E (Ref. 55)
Indo-West Pacific: southern Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海南部而且東非到新加勒多尼亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 54.2, range 49 - ? cm
Max length : 116 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5738); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 32.7 kg (Ref. 5738); 最大年齡: 40 年 (Ref. 96972)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10. Dorsal profile of head steeply sloped. Preorbital bone broad. Preopercular notch and knob moderately developed. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Generally red or pink, darker on the back; fins are red except the pectorals which is pink. Juveniles and small adults have a dark red band from first dorsal spine through eye to tip of snout; a 2nd band from mid-dorsal fin to pelvic fin; a 3rd from base of last dorsal spine to caudal peduncle. Large adults become uniformly red (Ref. 9710). Note: (TL, cm) = 1.00 + 1.24 (SL, cm); n = 828 (Ref. 1450). Body depth 2.6-3.0 in SL (Ref. 90102).
Adults occur in the vicinity of coral or rocky reefs (Ref. 5484), often over adjacent sand flats and gravel patches (Ref. 55). Also trawled in deeper water on relatively flat bottoms. Juveniles are frequently commensal with sea urchins (Ref. 55). Juveniles less than 20 cm long are common in near shore, turbid waters (Ref. 27260), in mangrove areas (Ref. 55), or among both coastal and deeper water offshore reefs (Ref. 27260). Juveniles can also be found swimming amongst the spines of urchins in shallow coastal bays (Ref. 48635). They move to deeper waters as they grow larger (Ref. 27264), with large fish often moving into shallower water during the winter months (Ref. 27260, 27264). They form schools of similar-sized individuals or are solitary (Ref. 6390). Feed on fishes, crabs, stomatopods, other benthic crustaceans and cephalopods. Marketed fresh, dried-salted and frozen (Ref. 9987). Commercially important but in certain regions of the Indian Ocean, large individuals are known to cause ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 11888).
出現在珊瑚礁或岩礁 (參考文獻 5484) 的鄰近區域, 時常在毗連的沙地淺灘與礫石區塊上面.(參考文獻 55) 也在相當平坦底部上拖網捕獲在深水中。 稚魚是時常與海膽共生.(參考文獻 55) 稚魚少於 20 公分長是常見於近岸，混濁的水域 (參考文獻 27260), 在紅樹林區域 (參考文獻 55) 中, 或在海岸與水較深的外海礁石之中.(參考文獻 27260) 稚魚也能被發現游動在水淺的近岸海灣中在海膽的棘中。 (參考文獻 48635) 當他們生長比較大的 (參考文獻 27264) 的時候，他們移動到比較深的水域, 大魚時常在冬天期間遷進較淺的水域數個月.(參考文獻 27260,27264) 他們大小相近個體形成魚群或者是獨居性的。 (參考文獻 6390) 捕食魚，螃蟹，口足目甲殼類，其他的底棲甲殼動物與頭足類動物。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 乾燥鹽醃與冷凍.(參考文獻 9987) 商業重要但是在印度洋的特定區域中，大的個體被知道引起熱帶海魚中毒.(參考文獻 11888)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Emperor red snappers are broadcast spawners (Ref. 28009).印度-西太平洋: 紅海南部而且東非到新加勒多尼亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 March 2015
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28.5, mean 27.1 °C (based on 1153 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01050 - 0.01900), b=3.03 (2.94 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.9 (5.0 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.38; tmax=35; Fec=5 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.5 [7.9, 30.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.151, 0.543] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.059, 0.177] g/100g; Selenium = 89.2 [42.1, 187.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 91 [13, 495] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.321 [0.212, 0.502] mg/100g (wet weight);
