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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
Eponymy: Albertus Seba (1665–1736) was a very wealthy Dutch apothecary, zoologist and natural history collector, who published a lavish series of illustrations depicting, in part, marine life of the Indo-Pacific. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 5 - 180 m (Ref. 6390). Tropical; 34°N - 35°S, 30°E - 171°E (Ref. 55)
Indo-West Pacific: southern Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 54.2, range 49 - ? cm
Max length : 116 cm FL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5738); common length : 60.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 55); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 32.7 kg (Ref. 5738); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 40 سال ها (Ref. 96972)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 15 - 16; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 10. Dorsal profile of head steeply sloped. Preorbital bone broad. Preopercular notch and knob moderately developed. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Generally red or pink, darker on the back; fins are red except the pectorals which is pink. Juveniles and small adults have a dark red band from first dorsal spine through eye to tip of snout; a 2nd band from mid-dorsal fin to pelvic fin; a 3rd from base of last dorsal spine to caudal peduncle. Large adults become uniformly red (Ref. 9710). Note: (TL, cm) = 1.00 + 1.24 (SL, cm); n = 828 (Ref. 1450). Body depth 2.6-3.0 in SL (Ref. 90102).
Adults occur in the vicinity of coral or rocky reefs (Ref. 5484), often over adjacent sand flats and gravel patches (Ref. 55). Also trawled in deeper water on relatively flat bottoms. Juveniles are frequently commensal with sea urchins (Ref. 55). Juveniles less than 20 cm long are common in near shore, turbid waters (Ref. 27260), in mangrove areas (Ref. 55), or among both coastal and deeper water offshore reefs (Ref. 27260). Juveniles can also be found swimming amongst the spines of urchins in shallow coastal bays (Ref. 48635). They move to deeper waters as they grow larger (Ref. 27264), with large fish often moving into shallower water during the winter months (Ref. 27260, 27264). They form schools of similar-sized individuals or are solitary (Ref. 6390). Feed on fishes, crabs, stomatopods, other benthic crustaceans and cephalopods. Marketed fresh, dried-salted and frozen (Ref. 9987). Commercially important but in certain regions of the Indian Ocean, large individuals are known to cause ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 11888).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Emperor red snappers are broadcast spawners (Ref. 28009).
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 11888)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28.5, mean 27.1 °C (based on 1153 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01050 - 0.01900), b=3.03 (2.94 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.9 (5.0 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.13-0.38; tmax=35; Fec=5 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.5 [7.9, 30.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.151, 0.543] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.059, 0.177] g/100g; Selenium = 89.2 [42.1, 187.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 91 [13, 495] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.321 [0.212, 0.502] mg/100g (wet weight);
