分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Aulopiformes (Grinners)
仙女魚目 (Grinners) >
Synodontidae (Lizardfishes)
合齒魚科 (Lizardfishes) > Harpadontinae
Etymology: Harpadon: Greek, arpedon, -es = net, bow, knot (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hamilton.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 50 - ? m (Ref. 9987). 熱帶; 31°N - 12°S, 40°E - 153°E (Ref. 54462)
Indo-West Pacific: Somalia to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan and south to Indonesia.
印度-西太平洋。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 43449); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 15. Scales restricted to posterior half of the body. Posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching origin of pelvic fin.
鱗片侷限於身體的後半段了。 胸鰭的後部頂端達成腹鰭的起源。
Inhabit deep water offshore on sandy mud bottom for most of the year, but also gathers in large shoals in deltas of rivers to feed during monsoons (Ref. 9987, 11230). Spawn 6 batches of broods per year (Ref. 43449). An aggressive predator (Ref. 9987). Primarily caught along Maharashtra with the bag-net, better known as 'dol' net. Operation of this gear is timed to a strong tidal current. The bag with the mouth set against the current strains the fish which is being retained therein by the strength of the current. The net is thus retrieved before the tide turns. Very phosphorescent. Excellent food fish. Marketed fresh and dried or salted; consumed pan-fried (Ref. 9987).
在沙泥底部上棲息於深水域外海每年大部分的時間, 也在河的三角州的大群魚群中聚集在季風的時候覓食.(參考文獻 9987,11230) 產卵 6個批卵窩每年。 (參考文獻 43449) 一個侵略性掠食者.(參考文獻 9987) 主要地沿著馬哈拉斯查省被袋網捕捉, 較以 'dol' 網聞名。 這一個網具的手術被使用於一個強的潮汐水流。 有口的袋網抵抗水流並圈住魚是被在其中保有藉由水流的力量。 網如此在潮水旋轉之前被取回。 非常發出磷光的。 優良的食用魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了與乾燥或鹽醃; 消費了油鍋炸的.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1984. Harpadontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3417)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
近危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 28 June 2018
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.8 - 26, mean 21.2 °C (based on 405 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00321 - 0.00541), b=3.14 (3.07 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.74 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 (1.1 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.18-0.9; Fec=89,600).
Prior r = 1.16, 95% CL = 0.77 - 1.75, Based on 5 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.7 [27.2, 166.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.155, 0.934] mg/100g; Protein = 12.3 [10.2, 15.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0747 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [12, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.22 [2.60, 29.21] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.246, 0.916] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
