分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Prosopium: Greek, prosopon = face (Ref. 45335); cylindraceum: cylindraceum meaning like a cylinder (Ref. 1998).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 4 - 72 m (Ref. 1998), usually ? - 37 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 2°C - 18°C (Ref. 1998); 72°N - 41°N, 103°E - 56°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Arctic and Pacific drainages from western Hudson Bay in Canada to Alaska and northern British Columbia, Canada; Arctic and Atlantic drainages from Quebec and Ontario in Canada to Connecticut in USA; St. Lawrence-Great Lakes basin in Canada-USA (except Lake Erie). Northern Asia: widely distributed in Siberian rivers (Ref. 26334).
北美洲: 在加拿大到阿拉斯加州與加拿大卑詩省北部的來自哈得遜灣西部的北極圈與太平洋的流域; 在加拿大到肯乃迪克州的來自拉布拉多的北極圈與大西洋的流域, 美國而且在加拿大-美國向西經過聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域.(除了伊利湖以外) 北方亞洲: 廣泛分佈於西伯利亞河。 (參考文獻 26334)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 59.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 28.6 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 16 年 (Ref. 28860)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 13. Body slender, elongate, almost cylindrical in cross section, posteriorly somewhat compressed laterally, greatest depth in front of the dorsal fin. Head relatively short; eye moderate, its diameter less than snout length; snout pointed, "pinched" or compressed laterally, rounded in lateral view, a single flap of skin present between the nostrils; mouth small, ventral in position, overhung by snout; maxillaries extending posteriorly almost to anterior margin or eye in adults. This species has more color than most coregonids. Overall coloration of adults almost silvery, silvery white below. Scales specially on back, with well-defined, dark pigmented borders, making them conspicuous. Pectoral fins are amber in color, slight amber tint also to pelvic and anal fins. Pectoral fins take on an orange tint during spawning, the pelvic and anal fins also to a lesser extent. the adipose fin is usually brown spotted, particularly in specimens from central and eastern Canada. Two or more longitudinal rows of black spots are present on the sides of young specimen.
身體細長的, 延長, 幾乎圓筒形的橫切面, 在後部地略微扁長形的側面地, 在背鰭之前的最大高度。 頭部相當短的; 眼中等的, 它的直徑少於吻的長度; 吻尖的," 掐 " 或者扁長形的側面地, 圓形的在側面中，一個皮蓋在鼻孔之間呈現; 嘴小的, 腹面位置, 吻懸在上面; 向後延伸的上頜骨幾乎到前緣或眼當成魚時。 這種有的顏色比大多數的 coregonids 多。 整體顏色成魚幾乎銀色的, 下面銀白色的。 鱗片特別地背面, 具有很清晰, 深色的邊緣, 使他們顯著。 胸鰭是琥珀色的顏色, 淡琥珀色的色彩也對腹鰭與臀鰭。 胸鰭在產卵的時候承擔橘色的色彩, 腹鰭與臀鰭也對較少的範圍。 脂鰭通常是有褐色斑點的, 特別地在來自加拿大中部與東部的標本中。 二或更多縱列的黑色斑點出現在幼小的標本側邊上。
Inhabits shallow areas of lakes and clear streams and rarely enters brackish water (Ref. 5723, 86798). Also in rivers with swift current and stony bottom. Migration is limited to movements associated with spawning (Ref. 27547). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and occasionally on fishes (Ref. 1998) and fish eggs (Ref. 593). One specimen taken from a depth of 218.9 m in eastern Lake Superior, off Grand Marais, Michigan (Ref. 1998).
棲息於湖與清澈溪流的水淺區域, 很少地進入半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 5723) 也在河中以湍急的水流與多石底部。 遷移被僅限於產卵的被伴隨著的運動。 (參考文獻 27547) 表層帶.(參考文獻 58426) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物與偶然地在魚 (參考文獻 1998) 與魚卵上.(參考文獻 593) 一件標本在東方的秀克必李耳湖中取自.深度 218.9 公尺, 外海的 Grand Marais ，密西根州.(參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
There are inshore and upstream movements (Ref. 28863) that may be related to spawning (Ref. 27547). Swims in pairs during spawning (Ref. 28858). Also Ref. 28803.北美洲: 在加拿大到阿拉斯加州與加拿大卑詩省北部的來自哈得遜灣西部的北極圈與太平洋的流域; 在加拿大到肯乃迪克州的來自拉布拉多的北極圈與大西洋的流域, 美國而且在加拿大-美國向西經過聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域.(除了伊利湖以外) 北方亞洲: 廣泛分佈於西伯利亞河。 (參考文獻 26334)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00318 - 0.00827), b=3.23 (3.09 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.4 (3.4 - 9.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=5-7; tmax=16; Fec=1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
