分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Scophthalmidae (Turbots)
菱鮃科 (Turbots)
Etymology: Lepidorhombus: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, rhombos = paralelogram (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 100 - 700 m (Ref. 56504). 深水域; 73°N - 26°N, 30°W - 37°E (Ref. 54564)
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland southward to Cape Bojador (26°N), West Sahara and in the western Mediterranean.
東北大西洋: 冰島向南至勃查多爾角 (26 ° N) ，撒哈拉西方部與在地中海西部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 25.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 0.00 g; 最大年齡: 16 年 (Ref. 108908)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 85 - 94; 臀鰭軟條: 64 - 74. Dorsal fin origin closer to tip of snout than to anterior edge of eye. Dorsal and anal fins terminate just a little on the blind side of the caudal peduncle. Lateral line forms a distinct curve above the pectoral fin. Dorsal and anal fin with indefinite darker spots posteriorly.
背鰭起點更靠近吻尖超過對眼的前緣。 背鰭與臀鰭在尾梗的沒有眼睛的一邊上正好稍微結束。 側線形成一個在胸鰭上面的明顯彎曲。 背鰭與臀鰭在後部地有模糊的較黑的斑點。
Adults occur on soft bottoms. Depth range from 100-400 m (Ref. 06302) and from 288-700 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on small bottom-living fishes as well as squids and crustaceans (Ref. 4703). Spawning occurs in deep waters off Iceland and west of the British Isles (Ref. 35388).
生活於軟質底部。 吃小型底棲性魚以及烏賊與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 4703) 產卵在深的水域外海的冰島與位於英國島西方.(參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Total spawners (Ref. 108908).東北大西洋: 冰島向南至勃查多爾角 (26 ° N) ，撒哈拉西方部與在地中海西部。
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Scophthalmidae. p. 1026. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6501)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2020
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.3 - 11.4, mean 7.7 °C (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00377 - 0.00607), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.5 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13; tm=2-4; Fec = 26,522; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.41, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.62, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [10.9, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.309 [0.126, 0.732] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.17, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [4.4, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [2.5, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.285 [0.146, 0.582] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
