Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री बाथीड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 100 - 700 m (Ref. 56504). Deep-water; 73°N - 26°N, 30°W - 37°E (Ref. 54564)
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland southward to Cape Bojador (26°N), West Sahara and in the western Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 25.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 0.00 g; अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 16 वर्षो (Ref. 108908)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 85 - 94; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 64 - 74. Dorsal fin origin closer to tip of snout than to anterior edge of eye. Dorsal and anal fins terminate just a little on the blind side of the caudal peduncle. Lateral line forms a distinct curve above the pectoral fin. Dorsal and anal fin with indefinite darker spots posteriorly.
Adults occur on soft bottoms. Depth range from 100-400 m (Ref. 06302) and from 288-700 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on small bottom-living fishes as well as squids and crustaceans (Ref. 4703). Spawning occurs in deep waters off Iceland and west of the British Isles (Ref. 35388).
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Scophthalmidae. p. 1026. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6501)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.3 - 11.4, mean 7.7 °C (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00377 - 0.00607), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.5 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.13; tm=2-4; Fec = 26,522; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.41, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.62, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [10.9, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.309 [0.126, 0.732] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.17, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [4.4, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [2.5, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.285 [0.146, 0.582] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
