分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 100 - 700 m (Ref. 56504). 深水域; 73°N - 26°N, 30°W - 37°E (Ref. 54564)
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland southward to Cape Bojador (26°N), West Sahara and in the western Mediterranean.
東北大西洋: 冰島向南至勃查多爾角 (26 ° N) ，撒哈拉西方部與在地中海西部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 0.00 g; 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 108908)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 85 - 94; 臀鳍软条: 64 - 74. Dorsal fin origin closer to tip of snout than to anterior edge of eye. Dorsal and anal fins terminate just a little on the blind side of the caudal peduncle. Lateral line forms a distinct curve above the pectoral fin. Dorsal and anal fin with indefinite darker spots posteriorly.
背鳍起点更靠近吻尖超过对眼的前缘。 背鳍与臀鳍在尾梗的没有眼睛的一边上正好稍微结束。 侧线形成一个在胸鳍上面的明显弯曲。 背鳍与臀鳍在后部地有模糊的较黑的斑点。
Adults occur on soft bottoms. Depth range from 100-400 m (Ref. 06302) and from 288-700 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on small bottom-living fishes as well as squids and crustaceans (Ref. 4703). Spawning occurs in deep waters off Iceland and west of the British Isles (Ref. 35388).
生活于软质底部。 在爱奥尼亚的海洋东部中的来自 100-400 公尺 (参考文献 06302) 与 288-700 公尺的深度范围.(参考文献 56504) 吃小型底栖性鱼以及乌贼与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 4703) 产卵在深的水域外海的冰岛与位于英国岛西方.(参考文献 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Total spawners (Ref. 108908).東北大西洋: 冰島向南至勃查多爾角 (26 ° N) ，撒哈拉西方部與在地中海西部。
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Scophthalmidae. p. 1026. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6501)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.3 - 11.4, mean 7.7 °C (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00377 - 0.00607), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.5 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13; tm=2-4; Fec = 26,522; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.41, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.62, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [10.9, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.309 [0.126, 0.732] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.17, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [4.4, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [2.5, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.285 [0.146, 0.582] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
