Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 20 - 500 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 57°N - 5°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (occasionally further north) and southwestern Mediterranean to the Strait of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Guinea, possibly even further south.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 15.8 range ? - 21 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26999)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 10 - 11; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8 - 9. Body tall, without stripes or bars. Small black spot at the pectoral fin base (Ref. 35388).
Inhabit various types of bottom but prefers gravel or rubble from 20 to about 500 m depth, abundance varying with depth according to the latitudes. Feed mainly on crustaceans and fish but also takes mollusks (Ref. 4781).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10 - 16.8, mean 13.5 °C (based on 312 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01094 - 0.01824), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.18-0.23).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 68.6 [38.2, 132.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.58, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.5, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.515 [0.289, 0.917] g/100g; Selenium = 34.8 [16.9, 64.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [4.3, 38.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.672 [0.473, 0.965] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
