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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Citharidae (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharoides: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut batidemersal; kisaran kedalaman 182 - 200 m (Ref. 5321). Deep-water; 2°S - 29°S

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: known only Kenya to Natal, South Africa.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5213)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 65 - 72; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 45 - 50. Eyed side buff in color with dark spots or blotches on body and dorsal and anal fins; 2 black spots on peduncle at base of last dorsal and anal rays (Ref. 5321).

Found in coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 5213).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | mitra

Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Citharidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9612)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

kekurangan data (DD) ; Date assessed: 17 December 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
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ukuran frekuensi
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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.8 - 17.6, mean 14.8 °C (based on 4 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6406 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00359 - 0.02015), b=3.06 (2.85 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 43.1 [20.8, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.204, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.0, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.12, 0.61] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [5.2, 26.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [4, 74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.329, 0.714] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharoides macrolepis (Gilchrist, 1904)