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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Citharidae (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharoides: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina djupbottenlevande; djupintervall 182 - 200 m (Ref. 5321). Deep-water; 2°S - 29°S

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: known only Kenya to Natal, South Africa.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5213)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 65 - 72; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 45 - 50. Eyed side buff in color with dark spots or blotches on body and dorsal and anal fins; 2 black spots on peduncle at base of last dorsal and anal rays (Ref. 5321).

Found in coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 5213).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medarbetare

Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Citharidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9612)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 17 December 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.8 - 17.6, mean 14.8 °C (based on 4 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6406 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00359 - 0.02015), b=3.06 (2.85 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 43.1 [20.8, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.204, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.0, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.12, 0.61] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [5.2, 26.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [4, 74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.329, 0.714] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharoides macrolepis (Gilchrist, 1904)