Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 5 - 60 m (Ref. 121239). Subtropical; 11°S - 44°S, 82°W - 70°W
Southeast Pacific: Huacho, Peru to Chiloé, Chile.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 27569); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 199.00 g (Ref. 53696)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 4; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 27 - 29; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 19 - 22. Caudal fin subtruncate. Body brownish, with some obscure dark markings (Ref. 27363).
Inhabits rocky and sandy bottoms and feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes and small fish.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Rosa, I.L. and R.S. Rosa, 1997. Systematic revision of the South American species of Pinguipedidae (Teleostei, Trachinoidei). Revta Bras. Zool. 14(4):845-865. (Ref. 27569)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 15.3, mean 12.1 °C (based on 27 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00294 - 0.01353), b=3.07 (2.89 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 92.4 [57.6, 173.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.624, 1.568] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.249 [0.153, 0.405] g/100g; Selenium = 25 [13, 45] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [5.3, 28.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.898 [0.656, 1.219] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.