Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - ? m. Temperate; 29°S - 45°S, 144°E - 175°W
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 13700); common length : 63.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9258); max. reported age: 33 years (Ref. 12155)
Most adults form school offshore over mainly open bottom. Some adults do not school but remain around reefs. Juveniles occur inshore, usually around rocky reefs.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
Tools
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