Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 10 - ? m. Temperate; 29°S - 45°S, 144°E - 175°W
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 13700); common length : 63.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9258); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 33 Jaren (Ref. 12155)
Most adults form school offshore over mainly open bottom. Some adults do not school but remain around reefs. Juveniles occur inshore, usually around rocky reefs.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.9 - 21.4, mean 17.6 °C (based on 22 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7812 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.00827 - 0.04596), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.21; tm=5-6; tmax=33).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [14.6, 48.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.190, 0.670] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.428 [0.240, 0.762] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.8, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.08 [2.24, 37.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.392 [0.269, 0.571] mg/100g (wet weight);