Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 10 - ? m. Temperate; 29°S - 45°S, 144°E - 175°W
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 13700); common length : 63.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9258); Età massima riportata: 33 anni (Ref. 12155)
Most adults form school offshore over mainly open bottom. Some adults do not school but remain around reefs. Juveniles occur inshore, usually around rocky reefs.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.9 - 21.4, mean 17.6 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7812 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.00827 - 0.04596), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.21; tm=5-6; tmax=33).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [14.6, 48.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.190, 0.670] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.428 [0.240, 0.762] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.8, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.08 [2.24, 37.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.392 [0.269, 0.571] mg/100g (wet weight);