Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 60 - 260 m (Ref. 4417). Tropical
Western Indian Ocean: known only from Natal, South Africa and southwest India, but probably more widely distributed.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.5 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55634); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 175.00 g (Ref. 55634)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 68 - 72; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 52 - 55. Eyed side with about 5 longitudinal rows of dark rings; median fins with a row of small dark spots; dark spot near margin of pelvic fin (eyed side).
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Bothidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3322)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.1 - 24.6, mean 21.1 °C (based on 28 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00393 - 0.01013), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 171 [77, 352] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.49, 2.02] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [14.8, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.171 [0.082, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 70 [32, 161] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.5 [4.1, 59.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.88 [0.57, 1.33] mg/100g (wet weight);
